Ranking of Universities By Higher Education Commision (HEC)

Ranking of Universities by Type of University based on Revised Criteria By the Board Final. Only those universities were considered in the ranking list  which were charted before 2002.* Note: Ranking of Universities has been revised on the request of Universities which have recently been upgraded to category X and has enrollment of > 200 students. Universities NameResearchStudentFacilitiesFinancesFacultyTotal RankMax 26Max = 17Max = 15Max = 15Max = 27Score

Agriculture / Veterinary

Art / Design

Business / I.T

Engineering

General

Health Sciences

University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad17.3514.2610.517.9816.3466.44NWFP University of Agriculture , Peshawar19.177.498.978.2220.2564.1University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi6.59.161.6512.4813.7843.57Sindh Agriculture University,  Tandojam3.575.099.499.3211.8539.31
National College of Arts,  Lahore8.410.96.969.0417.2552.55Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi74.6210.7610.5318.651.51Indus Valley School of Art & Architecture, Karachi06.224.8410.846.428.3
Lahore Uni. of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore12.376.088.689.6620.4157.2Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi7.459.015.758.081040.3Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Sci. & Tech. Karachi4.977.485.21511.0733.73Iqra University, Defence View, Karachi6.374.483.476.57.9928.82Lahore School of Economics, Lahore2.482.714.4310.076.6926.37Institute of Business Management (IBM),   Karachi7.062.541.636.474.7222.41* Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology D.I Khan11.543.73.098.3517.67* Karachi Institute of Economic & Technology (KIET), Karachi1.022.844.63.793.4915.74CECOS , Peshawar03.034.432.383.5713.4City University of Science & Information Tech., Peshawar02.111.4333.7610.3
Pakistan Institute of Engg. and Applied Sciences, Islamabad11.79.736.5212.4220.9861.35National University of Sciences & Technology  Rawalpindi10.19.278.336.8414.5349.07Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering, Swabi 10.077.696.058.7313.2445.78University of Engg. & Technology (UET),  Lahore7.87136.232.3612.8142.26Mehran University of Engg. & Technology (MUET), Jamshoro6.36.274.511.810.2929.17University of Engg. & Technology (UET), Taxila4.95.943.35.725.1525National Univ. of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad2.475.533.693.889.2624.84COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad3.364.352.553.268.9122.42NWFP University of Engg. & Technology,  Peshawar2.75.232.872.05618.85NED University of Engg. & Technology,  Karachi2.795.524.41.54.4418.65Quaid-e-Awam University, Nawabshsh2.233.583.53.725.6118.64Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 1.564.9534.642.9117.06Balochistan University of Engg & Tech.  Khuzdar02.494.183.175.7415.57
Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad17.638.147.984.9119.558.16University of the Punjab, Lahore10.4912.046.915.0711.4145.92University of Karachi,  Karachi9.717.976.995.4811.8742.01University of Peshawar, Peshawar10.1810.863.493.288.9836.78Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan8.567.493.044.0310.2333.34Government College Lahore University,  Lahore6.444.984.197.039.1431.78Isra University, Hyderabad2.164.282.6711.659.0829.84International Islamic University, Islamabad6.456.334.584.158.3129.82University of Sindh,  Jamshoro6.676.653.463.688.5429Hamdard University,    Karachi0.962.998.6510.434.6527.68University of Balochistan, Sariab Road, Quetta5.62.162.747.157.0424.69Gomal University, D.I.Khan3.65.452.684.497.3723.6Islamia University, Bahawalpur3.655.342.323.458.1622.92University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir , Muzaffarabad2.22.862.314.879.8122.05Lahore College for Women University, Lahore1.184.662.846.655.6620.99Hazara University , Dhodial, Mansehra22.972.65.387.5220.47Muhammad Ali Jinnah University,   Karachi0.733.332.438.234.8119.52Fatima Jinnah Women University,  Rawalpindi1.486.422.245.423.7319.29Bahria University, Islamabad 0.615.972.665.873.4918.6Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur1.691.212.086.275.9517.2University of Malakand  Chakdara, Dir, Malakand0.667.361.362.012.113.49Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat1.262.162.175.222.0312.84National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad,1.822.062.562.942.8512.23* Jinnah University for Women (JUW), Karachi0.642.440.843.411.919.24
Aga Khan University, Karachi 15.877.2710.6814.8521.2469.91Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro8.411.477.675.8114.9448.29Baqai Medical University, Karachi 7.649.884.115.195.8732.69Zia-ud-din Medical University,  Karachi6.473.524.297.678.4330.38

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TV News circus in Pakistan

“Television is not the Truth. Television is god-damned amusement park. Television is a circus, a carnival, a traveling troupe of acrobats, storytellers, dancers, singers, jugglers, sideshow freaks, lion tamers and football players. We're in the boredom killing business.” Paddy Chayevsky probably would have said this to interpret the attitude of second-generation’s Americans depiction and sentiment and humor through Television in America at his times, but it wouldn’t be wrong, if we today generalize the functioning of our 24x7 TV channels on such ironical statement, particularly, When an average Pakistani starts his day by listening morning news and wraps it up by watching the late night’s prime time opinions, all just to keep himself informed of truth and reality.

No doubt, Media can profile growth, governance, can serve audience to be their third eye, a prolonged ear so that they be clued-up of future trends and the holder of an accountable perception regarding their public representatives, policy and institutions, yet today one can easily lament that in pretext of information and entertainment, commonly called infotainment, media, particularly Television channels, have perceptually crossed all the social confines and have kept the freedom of expression for granted. 

The most distressing aspect to one is that under present media boom number of Channels have been ridiculing the worth of journalistic standards. The major indictment to any independent analyst would be their sensationalization to construct news rapidly instead of waiting for it to occur and complete logically. This on-going dramatic hunt for creation of veracity at Prime time circus has been visible to the extent these days that one would find it hard even to differentiate between the contents of a mainstream channel and a low rate eveningar. The media thus one can say has transformed totally into a circus presenting an artificial polarized world to stretch contents and time to serve advertisers interests.

Sheer sensationalism and an over-enthusiasm to “report” with its glorification and appreciation under breaking News, seek out of certain social and political issues, have now started to give the impression of media to its typical viewers who had been watching it regularly for certain years as a business with desperate acts of pathetic dynamics.

The quality of the coverage of the May 12 events, Kashmir Earthquake, 2010 floods, NRO, Memo Gate scandal, Skindar’s occupation of road in islamabad and other legal issues by most television channels, though elaborate, was alleged full of insensitivity, a branded haste and propounded populist view.

In the name of ‘analysis’ and ‘political discourse’, most news channels have now decided to operate on a popular formula that was formerly associated with Urdu Mainstream press. The formula, which once asked newspapers to cover more of those events and issues which had their pitch against the immediate government, and consequently those papers grabbed more readership, circulation and advertisements than their neutral counterparts. This may be one of the reasons in establishing such long lasting fad where every Pakistani with average intellect feels obligatory to criticize the sitting government otherwise his patriotism like National interest would be at stake. This also gave promotion to the filthy culture of TV talk shows as the amount of unnamed blunt disgrace for each other determines the success of that Show and channel among audience today. 

Violent and brutal imagery being shown on some channels these days appears to be a serious threat to youth- the majority in Pakistan- who, are trying to foster an attitude out of what has been extended to them as an inspirational ideal by the society. The instinctive human lust for power and popularity, according to some, is compelling youth under media influence to boost the crime ratio in Pakistan, particularly in cases when our depressed youth had been reportedly gone for an end instead of mean. The popularity of ‘gun toys’ among children and their rich sale in Pakistan is another socio-psychological facet to this aspect. To judge impact, it wouldn’t be an exaggeration in saying that ‘toy Gun’ is the only toy for sale at present especially with the wander sellers of KP Province. 

Apart of this psychological depression, Glamour glitz, extravaganza and lavish living standard shown in entertainment side is usually followed-on by frustration in the country whose more than 17% of total population is living below the poverty line and is dependent over this magic box as a solitary amusement might in their leisure. The closure of alternative media in form of cinema and CDs shop in KPK province has increased the might of TV. This dependency has been increasing persistently due to the amount of economic crisis, law and order, sectarianism and formative terrorism in the society and its happening that in order to achieve the same luxurious life as shown on TV a deprived develops a cathartic attitude towards them through crimes and corruption, the things which were unintentional on a part of media.

With a shift in focus from quality to quantity to catch more advertisers, a flood of programs copying the content lines from across the border, unfortunately, had increased dramatically with the passage of time. It’s obvious from the content analysis that re-telecasting an Indian Program has become more the matter of competition and marketing tool for every TV channel.

The most horrible thing to learn was media also being used to support objectives of Miscreants. The media due to lack of professional approach unintentionally served the miscreant’s agenda in fear proliferation as TV channels in order to get scoop gave full coverage to miscreants, even interviewed some Taliban and Al-Qaeda leadership and aired their activities ranging from showing the military hostages to blowing of military vehicles. This boosted the militant’s morale to the extent that they gathered more influence and started disseminating contents through Compact Discs and went for establishing mobile FM Radio Stations. This also endangered the life of journalists and many were assassinated in this pretext fulfilling the lines of their professional duties. 

However, the biggest contribution the media has made to the society is that it has politically sensitized the masses towards democratic process to an extent that it has become virtually impossible for anyone to revert it. For instance, we can say that during the movement for restoration of democracy participation on such large scale became possible only due to media, and in the past elections the reason behind people flocking to polling stations using their right of voting can easily be attributed to TV channels without any second thought, such may be the case for National and International NGOs taking interest in flood Relief activities at that larger scale. In this connection, the photo session and media coverage with maroon people as a proof of political presence and party publicity also compelled the politician to travel to flood-rotten areas. 

Similarly, what more than 65 years of political wrangling hadn’t done, these channels successfully did in past eight or nine years and people through media in Pakistan have gained greater political wisdom. The fact to this is that a kind of unformulated opposition in the masses can be significantly felt today against feudalistic approach, power politics and social extremism. The dynamics of these relationships with state as well as among society have changed strikingly from past when a detribalized society wasn’t been shaped by the 24X7 screen. The rise of tareek-e-Insaaf can be viewed in this perspective.

To be conclusive of what we have been saying is, we can say that our relatively young enthusiastic electronic media has committed few mistakes and sacrificed definite standards operating under certain impulses evolved out of our own endogenous circumstances, yet the most positive thing for media critics is that media itself has been critical of its role and debates have been ranged by them to analyze what social responsibility demands of them. It’s obviously more democratic in nature, and unlike old state run channel, the inclusion of opposition’s point of view by these channels, the information for viewers today is processed in much effective manner. Similarly, Growth of electronic media has also provided its viewers the alternative options to listen and watch what they please. One can say that the era of forced information and forced entertainment has come to an end in Pakistan. But for an average Pakistani, Who believes in media’s might, it is still a circus with scripted vivid truth and reality.

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Why should you consider an AIO (all-in-one) Computer?

Today’s AIO (all-in-one) Computers are versatile and unique because of their advanced capabilities. They have a built-in C.P.U and huge hard disk capacities. The AIOs also consist of touch screen function, which has increased its value.

The Apple iMac is the most popular and the most successful All in one Computer, having a cathode ray monitor. Many other companies copied this design but they weren’t successful. The size of these tablet sized computers decreased due to the invention of LCD monitors.

Here are a few reasons why you would want to upgrade your PC to an AIO:
1. Stylish Design:
The All in one computers are intuitive tablets have sleek and stylish designs. As they are comparatively smaller than home personal computers, they fit almost everywhere, can be easily carried anywhere you want to go and take less space. They are available in different sizes; ranging from 17 inches to 20 inches having High Definition (HD) display screens. Almost all computer companies have launched these computers.

2. Graphics:
The All in one Computer provides high resolution integrated gaming graphics, suitable for gamers. They have the capability to run

3D games. The quad-core processor in tablet PCs is a great tool in photo editing and playing videos and music in the background while you’re working. Some of these computers provide a high-tech resolution of 2560 by 1440 pixels. Pinch and zoom are also the latest graphics technologies of these computers.

The computer technology is expecting more changes in the graphic frames of tablet PCs in the future. The computer builders are attempting to optimize a ten-point touch screens for higher graphics.

3. The Touch Screen Capability:
The first thing that attracts the people while buying an All in one Computer is its touch screen function. These screens allow you to work side by side on excel worksheets; having three to four pages, ms word documents and as many websites you want! 
Another quality of an All in one Computer’s touch screen is that they are brighter and the contents are more visible on them because of their high resolutions, as compared to the laptop screens.

4. Storage Memory:
The All in one Computers have an average memory of 2TB, which can support heavy downloads. A huge capacity of 8GB can help you open many tabs on the internet and at the same time, you can work on heavy softwares like; Microsoft Office or Photoshop, etc. Some have a limited memory of 2GB. For a speedier AIO, customers look for a SSD boot drive for more storage. SSD are more expensive than regular hard drives but they boot up faster than spinning drives. 

5. Connectivity via WI-Fi:
The AIOs provide WI-Fi feature ranging within range of 802.11a/b/g/n. Most of them are free to use but some require a fee for its usage.

6. A source of Entertainment:
The AIOs are loaded with all kinds of new applications and games, and their company websites are introducing more interactive things for their customers. They also have a feature of a TV tuner, which lets its users to watch the air-broadcast on the display screens. Through the HDMI input, you can set a satellite device and any digital video source and enjoy.

An AIO (all-in-one) Computer VS Desktop PCs:

Although the AIOs have never ending functions and capabilities, but still, desktop computers have more advantages than them. The AIOs are about the same size as of notebooks and have the same features too. They are small in size, and they have less memory and drives of small capacity. The issue that makes its customers frustrated is its upgradability. 

Most of desktop PCs don’t need to be upgraded. Its user has full control on it. Secondly, anyone gets annoyed from the continuous touch screen use, not everyone can easily cut, copy and paste on a touch screen computer.

The most important thing is that, desktop PCs and simple Microcomputers are less expensive than AIOs, and also have more capacity compared to them.

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First Personal Computer

the world's first personal supercomputer

The world's first personal supercomputer, which is 250 times faster than the average PC, has been unveiled.

Although at £4,000 it is beyond the reach of most consumers, the high-performance processor could become invaluable to universities and medical institutions.

The revolutionary Tesla supercomputer was launched in London yesterday evening.

The NVIDIA's Tesla computer could prove invaluable to medical researchers and accelerate the discovery of cancer treatments

The desktop workstations are built with innovative NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs), which are capable of handling simultaneous calculations usually relegated to £70,000 supercomputing 'clusters' that take up entire rooms.

PHD students at Cambridge and Oxford Universities and MIT in America are already using GPU-based personal supercomputers for research.

Scientists believe the new systems could help find cures for diseases. 

1954: The IBM 704 was considered to be the world's first super-computer and took up a whole room designed for engineering and scientific calculations. 

The device lets them run hundreds of thousands of science codes to create a shortlist of drugs that are most likely to offer potential cures.

This exceptional speedup has the ability to accelerate the discovery of potentially life-saving anti-cancer drugs,' said Jack Collins from the Advanced Biomedical Computing Centre in Maryland.

The new computers make innovative use of the revolutionary graphics processing units, which NIVIDA claims could bring lightning speeds to the next generation of home computers.

" A traditional processor handles one task at a time in a linear style, but GPUs work on tasks simultaneously to do things such as get colour pixels together on screens to present moving images "

" So while downloading a film onto an iPod would take up to six hours on a traditional system, a graphics card could bring this down to 20 minutes. "

The supercomputers, made by a number of UK based companies including Viglen, Armari and Dell are currently on sale to universities and to the science and research community.

PC maker Dell said they would soon be mass producing them for the general consumer market. 

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History of Computer

A computer is a machine which manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1941), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed prior. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers.

[1] Modern computers are based on comparatively tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space. [2] Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wrist watch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers in various forms are icons of the information age and are what most people think of as "a computer". However, the most common form of computer in use today is by far the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are often used to control other devices — for example, they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital cameras, and even children's toys.

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: Any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.

It is difficult to identify any one device as the earliest computer, partly because the term "computer" has been subject to varying interpretations over time.
 

Originally, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed numerical calculations (a human computer), often with the aid of a mechanical calculating device. Examples of early mechanical computing devices included the abacus, the slide rule and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which dates from about 150-100 BC). The end of the Middle Ages saw a re-invigoration of European mathematics and engineering, and Wilhelm Schickard's 1623 device was the first of a number of mechanical calculators constructed by European engineers.

However, none of those devices fit the modern definition of a computer because they could not be programmed. In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the textile loom that used a series of punched paper cards as a template to allow his loom to weave intricate patterns automatically. The resulting Jacquard loom was an important step in the development of computers because the use of punched cards to define woven patterns can be viewed as an early, albeit limited, form of programmability.

In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and design a fully programmable mechanical computer that he called "The Analytical Engine".[3] Due to limited finance, and an inability to resist tinkering with the design, Babbage never actually built his Analytical Engine.

Large-scale automated data processing of punched cards was performed for the U.S. Census in 1890 by tabulating machines designed by Herman Hollerith and manufactured by the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation, which later became IBM. By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove useful in the realization of practical computers had begun to appear: the punched card, Boolean algebra, the vacuum tube (thermionic valve) and the teleprinter.

During the first half of the 20th century, many scientific computing needs were met by increasingly sophisticated analog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a basis for computation. However, these were not programmable and generally lacked the versatility and accuracy of modern digital computers.

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Computer Network and Wireless Modem

Networks are collections of computers, software, and hardware that are all connected to help their users work together. A network connects computers by means of cabling systems, specialized software, and devices that manage data traffic. A network enables users to share files and resources, such as printers, as well as send messages electronically (e-mail) to each other.

Computer networks fall into two main types: client/server networks and peer-to-peer networks. A client/server network uses one or more dedicated machines (the server) to share the files, printers, and applications. A peer-to-peer network allows any user to share files with any other user and doesn’t require a central, dedicated server.

The most common networks are Local Area Networks or LANs for short. A LAN connects computers within a single geographical location, such as one office building, office suite, or home. By contrast, Wide Area Networks (WANs) span different cities or even countries, using phone lines or satellite links.

Networks are often categorized in other ways, too. You can refer to a network by what sort of circuit boards the computers use to link to each other – Ethernet and Token-Ring are the most popular choices. You can also refer to a network by how it packages data for transmission across the cable, with terms such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and IPX/SPX (Internet Package eXchnage/Sequenced Package eXchange).
What is Anti-Virus?

Answer:
Anti-virus is the name given to software that detects and (where possible) removes viruses from messages. By removing viruses at the email server, all internal mail clients are protected AND all customers are protected from receiving viruses too. 

Computer Viruses are written by people who wish to gain control of your system resources and are continually updated to try and break through any barriers you may have installed. GMS Anti-Virus overcomes this issue by providing a "signature file" update service which ensures that all new varients are caught as soon as possible.

"Antivirus" is protective software designed to defend your computer against malicious software. Malicious software, or "malware" includes: viruses, Trojans, keyloggers, hijackers, dialers, and other code that vandalizes or steals your computer contents. In order to be an effective defense, your antivirus software needs to run in the background at all times, and should be kept updated so it recognizes new versions of malicious software. 
Also Known As: anti-virus, anti virus

Wireless Modem.
Wireless modems are devices that allow computers to connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN) without physical cabling such as ethernet wiring. Wireless modems use cellular, satellite or WiFi protocols to connect to a WLAN, which can then provide Internet service. This differs from dial-up and DSL modems which use telephone lines to connect to the Internet, while cable modems use cable TV lines for connectivity. 

For mobile applications, a PCMCIA wireless modem card in a laptop can provide access to the Internet through public "hotspots." These are geographical areas where WLANs allow public Internet access via wireless modems. In some cases a small membership fee is required, while other hotspots are free.

Various wireless networks use proprietary protocols, and wireless modems are certified as compatible with certain architecture(s). Some protocols, like CDPD (Verizon), GPRS and EDGE (AT&T and Cingular), are even slower than dialup; while Cellular UMTS (AT&T) and 1xRTT (Verizon) wireless networks can operate at about 300 kilobits per second (kbs). A newer cellular flavor offered by Verizon and Sprint, EVDO, advertises speeds of 400-700 kbs, rivaling broadband packages. Future technologies including Cingular's HSDPA and Verizon's EVDV promise even greater speeds.

Another popular network for mobile wireless modems is WiFi (Wireless fidelity), which can operate at a respectable 400 kbps. WiFi is used in many Internet cafés and other hotspots. WiFiMax is a newer standard that offers even faster speeds and more features.

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